Online reading of Qimin Yaoshu

作者：贾思勰

Author: Jia Sixie

preamble

《史记》曰（一）：“齐民无盖藏。”如淳注曰： “齐，无贵贱，故谓之齐民者，若（二）今言平民（三）也。”

"Historical records" said (1): "Qi people have no cover to hide." Such as Chun note: "Qi, no noble and cheap, so it is called the Qi people, if (2) today the civilian (3) also."

后魏高阳太守贾思勰撰

Written by jiasixie, the head of the Imperial Guard of Gaoyang in the later Wei Dynasty

盖神农为耒耜，以利天下；尧命四子【一】，敬授民时；舜命后稷，食（四）为政首；禹制土田，万国作乂【二】；殷周之盛，诗书所述，要在安民，富而教之。

The Shennong was built for leilong, to benefit the world; Yao ordered four sons [1], to respect the people; Shun ordered the Houji, food (4) as the chief of government; Yu made soil fields, and made the works of the world (II); the prosperity of Yan and Zhou dynasties, as described in the poetry, should be taught in the people, rich and taught.

《管子》曰（五）：“一农不耕，民有饥者；一女不织，民有寒者。”“仓廪实，知礼节；衣食足，知荣辱。”丈人曰（六）：“四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？”传曰（七）：“人生在勤，勤则不匮。”古（八）语曰：“力能胜贫，谨能胜祸。”盖言勤力可以不贫，谨身可以避祸。故李悝为魏文侯作尽地力之教，国以富强；秦孝公用商君，急耕战之赏，倾夺邻国而雄诸侯（九）。

"The pipe" said (5): "one farmer does not plough, the people have hunger; a woman does not weave, the people have cold." "The store is solid, and the feast is satisfied; the clothes and food are sufficient, and the honor and disgrace are known." The abbot said (6): "four bodies are not diligent, and the grain is not divided, which is the teacher?" It is said (7): "life is diligent, and diligence is not the case." Ancient (8) language said: "strength can win poverty, I can win disaster." The words of diligence can not be poor, but the body can avoid disaster. Therefore, Li Wei served as a local religion, and the country was rich and strong; Qin filial piety shared the king of business, and was eager to cultivate and fight for the reward, and plundered neighboring countries and became the Emperor (9).

《淮南子》曰（十）：“圣人不耻身之贱也，愧道之不行也；不忧命之长短，而忧百姓之穷。是故禹为治水，以身解于阳盱之河；汤由苦旱，以身祷于桑林之祭【三】。……神农憔悴，尧瘦□，舜黎黑，禹胼胝。由此观之，则圣人之忧劳百姓亦甚矣。故自天子以下，至于庶人，四肢不勤，思虑不用，而事治求赡【四】者，未之闻也。”“故田者不强，囷仓不盈；将相不强，功烈【五】不成。”

Huainan Zi said (10): "saints are not ashamed of their own shame, and they cannot be ashamed of the way; they do not worry about the length of their lives, but worry about the poor of the people. Therefore Yu is the water control, to understand the body in the river of Yang Xu; Tang from the bitter drought, pray for the sacrifice of mulberry forest by body [3] Shennong is haggard, Yao is thin □, Shun lihei, Yu callose. From this point of view, the saints are also very worried about the people. Therefore, from the son of heaven, as for the common people, the limbs are not diligent, and do not worry about it, and the matter management and demand support [4], no news. " "Therefore, the field is not strong, and the warehouse is not in the middle; the general is not strong, and the power [five] is not achieved."

《仲长子》曰（十一）：“天为之时，而我不农，谷亦不可得而取之。青春至焉，时雨降焉，始之耕田，终之簠、簋【六】，惰者釜之，勤者钟【七】之。矧夫不为，而尚【八】乎食也哉？”《谯子》曰（十二）：“朝发而夕异宿【九】，勤则菜盈倾筐。且苟无（十三）羽毛，不织不衣；不能茹草饮水，不耕不食。安可以不自力哉？”

"The son of Zhong" said (11): "when the sky is in place, I am not farming, and the valley is not available.". Youth to Yan, rain falls Yan, the beginning of the field, the end of the "six", lazy kettle, diligent clock [7]. "I don't want to do it, but what about food?" Qiao Zi said (12): when it comes to hair, it is different to stay in the night, and the dishes are filled with baskets. And no feathers, no clothing, no grass drinking water, no farming or food. Can you do it yourself? "

晁错曰（十四）：“圣王在上，而民不冻不饥者，非能耕而食之，织而衣之，为开其资财之道也。…… 夫寒之于衣，不待轻暖；饥之于食，不待甘旨。饥寒至身，不顾廉耻。一日不再食则饥，终岁不制衣则寒。夫腹饥不得食，体寒不得衣，慈母不能保其子，君亦安能以有民？……夫珠、玉、金、银，饥不可食，寒不可衣。……粟、米、布、帛，……一日不得而饥寒至。是故明君贵五谷而贱金玉。”刘陶曰（十五）：“民可百年无货，不可一朝有饥，故食为至急。”陈思王曰（十六）：“寒者不贪尺玉而思短褐【一０】，饥者不愿千金而美一食。千金、尺玉至贵，而不若一食、短褐之恶者，物时有所急也。”诚哉言乎！

Chao wrong said (14): the king is on the top, but the people are not cold and hungry, they can not cultivate and eat, weave and dress, so do the way of opening up their wealth The cold is to clothes, not to light and warm; hunger to food, not to the will. Hunger and cold, regardless of integrity. No longer eat, hunger, when you don't make clothes at all, you will be cold. The husband is hungry and hungry, the body is cold and cannot be clothed. The mother can not protect her son. The emperor can also have people with his own safety The beads, jade, gold and silver are hungry and cannot be eaten, and the cold cannot be clothed Millet, rice, cloth, silk A day is not enough to be hungry and cold. It is why the Ming Dynasty is rich and precious, and the valley is cheap and precious. " Liu Tao said (15): "people can have no goods for a hundred years, and they cannot have hunger in one dynasty, so food is urgent." CHEN Si Wang said (16): "the cold people do not want ruler jade and think short brown [10], hungry people do not want to thousands of gold and beautiful food. Gold and ruler jade are precious, but if one food, short brown evil, things are also urgent. " I am sincere!

神农、仓颉，圣人者也；其于事也，有所不能矣。故赵过始为牛耕【一一】，实胜耒耜之利；蔡伦立意造纸，岂方缣、牍之烦【一二】？且耿寿昌之常平仓【一三】，桑弘羊之均输法【一四】，益国利民，不朽之术也。谚曰：“智如禹、汤，不如尝更（十七）。【一五】”是以樊迟【一六】请学稼，孔子答曰：“吾不如老农。”然则圣贤之智，犹有所未达，而况于凡庸者乎？

Shennong, Cangjie, and saints are also, and they cannot do anything about things. Therefore, Zhao was the first to cultivate cattle, which was the best way to win the benefits of leixuan. Cai Lun was determined to make paper, and he was not bothered by the bamboo slips and slips? And Geng shouchang's Chang Pingcang [13], sanghongyang's average loss method [14], benefit the nation and benefit the people, and immortal skills. The proverb says: "wisdom is like Yu and Tang, so it is better to taste it (17). "The first five year plan" was to ask fan chi to learn Jiajia. Confucius replied, "I am not as good as the old farmer." But the wisdom of the sages is still not achieved, but in the ordinary?

猗顿【一七】，鲁穷士，闻陶朱公富，问术焉。告之曰：“欲速富，畜五牸（十八）。”乃畜牛羊，子息万计。九真、庐江，不知牛耕，每致困乏。任延【一八】、王景【一九】，乃令铸作田器，教之垦辟，岁岁开广，百姓充给。炖煌不晓作耧犁；及种，人牛功力既费，而收谷更少。皇甫隆【二０】乃教作耧犁，所省庸力过半，得谷加五。又炖煌俗，妇女作裙，挛（十九）缩如羊肠，用布一匹。隆又禁改之，所省复不赀。茨充【二一】为桂阳令，俗不种桑，无蚕织丝麻之利，类皆以麻枲头贮衣【二二】。民惰窳羊主切，少粗【二三】履，足多剖裂血出，盛冬皆然火燎炙。充教民益种桑、柘，养蚕，织履，复令种纻麻【二四】。数年之间，大赖其利，衣履温暖。今江南知桑蚕织履，皆充之教也。五原土宜麻枲，而俗不知织绩；民冬月无衣，积（二十）细草，卧其中，见吏则衣草而出。崔寔【二五】为作纺绩、织纴之具以教，民得以免寒苦。安在不教乎？

Yi ton [17], poor Lu, heard that Tao Zhu Gong was rich and asked how to learn. "If you want to be rich quickly, you will have five animals (18)." But cattle, cattle and sheep, and the children of ten thousand. Jiuzhen, Lujiang, I don't know cattle farming, every cause of poverty. Ren Yan [18] and Wang Jing [19] were made to make tools for the field, and to cultivate and cultivate the land. They were given by the people at the age of age. Stewing is not familiar with the use of columbine ploughs; and species, human cattle have both cost and receive less grain. Huangfulong [20] was taught to be a columbine plough. His power saved was over half, and he had to add five to the valley. She made skirts and contracted like a lamb intestine with cloth. And long was forbidden to change, and his savings were not rich. Zichong [21] is the order of Guiyang. It is common to breed no mulberry and no silk and hemp. All kinds of clothes are made of hemp head. People are the main sheep, less coarse [23] performance, more blood split, the winter is burning. The people should be taught to cultivate mulberry, Zhe, silkworm, weave and make the seeds of hemp [24]. In a few years, the big profit, warm clothes. Today, Jiangnan knows that silkworms are full of teaching. The five original soil should be hemp, but the custom did not know the weaving achievements; the people in winter and the moon had no clothes, accumulated (20) fine grass, lying in them, and saw the officials, they came out of the clothes. Trishi [25] is a tool for textile achievement and weaving to teach, so people must avoid suffering. Is it OK to be safe or not?

黄霸【二六】为颍（二一）川，使邮亭、乡官【二七】，皆畜鸡、豚，以赡鳏、寡、贫穷者；及务耕桑，节用，殖财，种树。鳏、寡、孤、独，有死无以葬者，乡部书言，霸具为区处：某所大木，可以为棺；某亭豚子，可以祭。吏往皆如言。袭遂【二八】为渤海，劝民务农桑，令口种一树（二二）榆，百本□【二九】，五十本葱，一畦韭，家二母彘，五鸡（二三）。民有带持刀剑者，使卖剑买牛，卖刀买犊，曰：“何为带牛佩犊？”春夏不得不趣田亩，秋冬课【三０】收敛，益蓄果实、菱、芡。吏民皆富实。召信臣【三一】为南阳，好为民兴利，务在富之。躬劝农耕，出入阡陌，止舍离乡亭【三二】，稀有安居。时行视郡中水泉，开通沟渎，起水门、提阏【三三】，凡数十处，以广溉灌，民得其利，蓄积有余。禁止嫁娶送终奢靡，务出于俭约。郡中莫不耕稼力田。吏民亲爱信臣，号曰“召父”。僮种（
二四）【三四】为不其令，率民养一猪，雌鸡四头，以供祭祀，死买棺木。颜斐【三五】为京兆，乃令整阡陌，树桑果；又课以闲月取材，使得转相教匠【三六】作车；又课民无牛者，令畜猪，投贵时卖，以买牛。始者民以为烦，一二年间，家有丁【三七】车、大牛，整顿丰足。王丹【三八】家累千金，好施与，周人之急。每岁时农收后，察其强力收多者，辄历载酒肴，从而劳之，便于田头树下饮食劝勉之，因留其余肴而去；其惰 □者，独不见劳，各自耻不能致丹，其后无不力田者，聚落以至殷富。杜畿【三九】为河东，课民畜牸（二五）牛、草马【四０】，下逮鸡、豚，皆有章程，家家丰实。此等岂好为烦扰而轻费损哉？盖以庸人之性，率之则自力，纵之则惰窳耳。

Huang Ba [26] for the river (21), make the post pavilion, township officials [27], all livestock chickens, dolphins, to support the widowed, widows, the poor; and work mulberry, saving, wealth, planting trees. Widowers, widows, orphans, alone, have died without a funeral, the Xiangbu book said, tyrannical tools for the region: a large wood, can be a coffin; a pavilion, guinea fowl, can be sacrificed. The officials to all as said. Raided the Sui [28] for the Bohai Sea, persuade the people to farming mulberry, make the mouth to plant a tree (2) elm, a hundred this □ [29], fifty this onion, a bay of leeks, home two female swine, five chickens (23). The people have a band holding a sword, make selling a sword to buy a cow, selling a sword to buy a calf, saying, "What is a calf with a cow?" Spring and summer had to be interesting fields and acres, autumn and winter lessons [three 0] convergence, beneficial storage of fruit, diamond, thickening. The officials and people are rich real. Called the faithful minister [31] for Nanyang, good for the people's prosperity, and affairs in the rich. Bow persuade farming, access to the stranger, stop leaving the township pavilion [3.2], rare and safe residence. When the line visual county water spring, open ditch, up the water gate, Tisang [three], where dozens of places to wide irrigation and irrigation, the people have its benefits, savings surplus. Prohibit marriage and send the end of extravagance, out of thrifty business. County Mo not plowing crops and fields. The mandarins and the people's dear faith minister, called "call father". The servant servant was a servant of the boy.

(2.4) [3.4] was not its order, led the people to raise a pig and four female chickens for sacrifice, and to buy a coffin when they died. Yan Fei [3-5] for the capital Zhao, but ordered the whole Chian, tree mulberry fruit; and lesson to take material in idle months, making the transfer of the phase to teach craftsman [3-6] for the car; and lesson people no cattle, make livestock pigs, cast expensive when sold, to buy cattle. The first people thought that the people were annoyed, one or two years, the family has Ding [37] car, cattle, and rectify the abundance. Wang Dan [thirty-eight] home tired of a thousand gold, good giving and, the urgency of the Zhou people. Every year, when the harvest, to see its strong intake of more people, often carry wine and food, thus the work, to facilitate the field under the tree diet to exhort, because the rest of the food and go; its lazy □, only do not see the work, each shame can not be Dan, after all the force of the field, the settlement to Yin rich. Du Ji [39] was in the eastern part of the river, and taught the people to raise domestic (domestic) animals, cattle and horses [40], and to catch fowls and dolphins, all of which had rules and regulations and made their families rich. How can these be lightly damaged for the sake of annoyance? In the case of a mediocre person, the rate is self-reliant, and the rate is lazy and weak.

故《仲长子》曰：“丛林之下，为仓庾之坻【四一】；鱼鳖之堀【四二】，为耕稼之场者，此君长所用心也。是以太公封而斥卤播嘉谷，郑、白【四三】成而关中无饥年。盖食鱼鳖而薮泽之形可见，观草木而肥硗之势可知。”又曰：“稼穑不修，桑果不茂，畜产不肥，鞭之可也；杝（二六）落不完，垣墙不牢，扫除不净，笞之可也【四四】。”此督课之方也。且天子亲耕，皇后亲蚕，况夫田父而怀窳惰乎？

Therefore, "Zhong Changzi" said: "Under the jungle, for the Cang Yu of his [41]; fish and turtles of the Hori [42], for the field of cultivation of crops, this Jun Changzhi also intends. It is the Duke of Taigong sealed and broadcast brine Jia Valley, Zheng, Bai [43] into and no hunger in Guanzhong. Cover the fish and turtle and the shape of the servitude is visible, the view of grass and trees and the potential of fat and stony soil can be known." It is also said: "The crop is not cultivated, the mulberry fruit is not luxuriant, the livestock is not fat, the whip can also be; Uncle (two-six) is not finished, the walls are not firm, the sweeping is not clean, the flogging can also be [four-four]." It's a great way to learn about the game. And the son of God is pro-plowing, the Queen is pro-worms, and the father of the field and weak and lazy?

　　李衡【四五】于武陵龙阳泛洲上作宅，种甘橘千树。临死敕儿曰：“吾州里有千头木奴，不责汝衣食，岁上一匹绢，亦可足用矣。”吴末，甘橘成，岁得绢数千匹。恒称【四六】太史公所谓“江陵千树橘，与千户侯等”者也。樊重【四七】欲作器物，先种梓、漆，时人嗤之。然积以岁月，皆得其用，向之笑者，咸求假焉。此种殖（二七）之不可已已也。谚曰：“一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木。”此之谓也。

　　Li Heng [45] made a house on the Panzhou in Longyang, Wuling, and planted a thousand trees of sweet oranges. Before he died, his son said, "I have a thousand wooden slaves in my state, and I don't blame you for your food and clothing, but one silk at the age of one can be sufficient. At the end of the Wu Dynasty, the sweet orange trees became a reality, and thousands of sericides were obtained at the end of the year. Heng said [46] that the Duke of Tai Shi called it "a thousand trees of orange in Jiangling, and a thousand households of marquis, etc.". Fan Chong [47] wanted to make artifacts, first planted catalpa and lacquer, which people sometimes sneered at. This is the first time that a person who has been in the business of making objects for a long time has been able to use them. This species (two seven) of the inevitable has also been. The proverb says: "A year's plan is not like a tree valley; a decade's plan is not like a tree." This is the same thing.

　　《书》曰（二八）：“稼穑之艰难。”《孝经》曰（二九）：“

用天之道，因地之利，谨身节用，以养父母。”《论语》曰（三十）：“百姓不足，君孰与足？”汉文帝曰：“朕为天下守财矣，安敢妄用哉！”孔子曰（三一）：“居家理，治可移于官。”然则家犹国，国犹家，是以家贫则思良妻，国乱则思良相，其义一也。

　　The Book of Books said (28), "The hardships of the harvest." The Book of Filial Piety says (29): "

Use the ways of heaven and the benefits of the earth for the good of the people, and be prudent in the use of your body to support your parents." The Analects says (30), "If the people are not sufficient, how can the ruler be sufficient?" Emperor Wen of Han said, "I have been guarding wealth for the world, and I dare not use it recklessly!" Confucius said (Trinity), "Home rule, rule can be shifted to officials." However, home is like a country, and country is like a family, so that if the family is poor, think of the good wife, and if the country is in chaos, think of the good prime minister, and its meaning is one.

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Wednesday, September 30, 2020